每个Java开发者都应该知道的5个JDK工具

3.jcmd

　　jcmd主要用来把诊断命令请求发送到Java JVM中，当JVM进程中没有jcmd参数列表时，jcmd就会立即运行。这相当于jps工具，我开始启动jconsole，并且把它作为参数传递到jcmd，得到如下结果，这个也可以通过进程id(pid)实现。 

C:\Users\Cycle>jconsole

C:\Users\Cycle>jcmd JConsole help
3344:
The following commands are available:
JFR.stop
JFR.start
JFR.dump
JFR.check
VM.native_memory
VM.check_commercial_features
VM.unlock_commercial_features
ManagementAgent.stop
ManagementAgent.start_local
ManagementAgent.start
Thread.print
GC.class_stats
GC.class_histogram
GC.heap_dump
GC.run_finalization
GC.run
VM.uptime
VM.flags
VM.system_properties
VM.command_line
VM.version
help

C:\Users\Cycle>jcmd JConsole VM.uptime 
3344:289.977 s

　　在调试的时候，下面的参数可以用于并发锁的线程堆栈溢出。

jcmd <pid> Thread.print -l

4.jhat

　　jhat的全称是Java heap analysis tool。它主要是用来解析和浏览堆文件，jhat有时更像是一个可视化工具。jhat解析堆存储（ heap dump）并启动一个webserver，然后用户可以在浏览器下查看堆。jhat支持对象查询语言（oql）和一些预先设计查询。OQL帮助可能在 

http://localhost:7000/oql/ 
http://localhost:7000/oqlhelp/

　　jmap工具来生成堆转储，我们应该使用-dump参数，下面jhat工具可以使用的参数列表： 

C:\Users\Cycle>jhat -help
Usage:  jhat [-stack ] [-refs ] [-port ] [-baseline ] [-debug ] [-version] [-h|-help] 

        -J          Pass  directly to the runtime system. For
                          example, -J-mx512m to use a maximum heap size of 512MB
        -stack false:     Turn off tracking object allocation call stack.
        -refs false:      Turn off tracking of references to objects
        -port :     Set the port for the HTTP server.  Defaults to 7000
        -exclude :  Specify a file that lists data members that should
                          be excluded from the reachableFrom query.
        -baseline : Specify a baseline object dump.  Objects in
                          both heap dumps with the same ID and same class will
                          be marked as not being "new".
        -debug :     Set debug level.
                            0:  No debug output
                            1:  Debug hprof file parsing
                            2:  Debug hprof file parsing, no server
        -version          Report version number
        -h|-help          Print this help and exit
                    The file to read

For a dump file that contains multiple heap dumps,
you may specify which dump in the file
by appending "#" to the file name, i.e. "foo.hprof#3".

All boolean options default to "true"

　　我给jconsole应用程序创建了一个堆转储文件，并使用以下命令来运行进程id 3344：

jmap -dump:format=b,file=heap.bin 3344

　　现在，堆转储文件准备就绪，运行下面命令并且会启动一个服务： 

jmap -dump:format=b,file=heap.bin 3344

　　在控制台输出结果：

C:\Users\Cycle\Desktop>jhat heap.bin
Reading from heap.bin...
Dump file created Sun Nov 16 19:26:35 IST 2014
Snapshot read, resolving...
Resolving 641209 objects...
Chasing references, expect 128 dots..................
Eliminating duplicate references.....................
Snapshot resolved.
Started HTTP server on port 7000
Server is ready.

　　在浏览器中输入：http://localhost:7000/后便会出来堆转储的详细情况：

　　例如，还可以在http://localhost:7000/histo/查看堆内存柱状图。