在 VMWare 上装 Debian 4 lenny
2007-09-19 09:29:21
/ 个人分类:linux
/etc/apt/sources.list 的设置#deb http://mirrors.geekbone.org/debian/
deb http://mirrors.geekbone.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.geekbone.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.geekbone.org/debian-security/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.geekbone.org/debian-security/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free
#deb http://debian.cn99.com/debian/
deb http://debian.cn99.com/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
deb-src http://debian.cn99.com/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
deb http://debian.cn99.com/debian-security/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://debian.cn99.com/debian-security/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free
打算只安装Debian 4 lenny 基本系统和一个 openssh-server,方便从Windows下使用。分下面几个步骤进行:
1、到http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/下载网络安装盘 debian-testing-i386-netinst.iso
2、在VMWare里新建虚拟机,Typical/Linux/Ubuntu,内存128M足够了,硬盘2G(我习惯将默认的SCSI硬盘删除,手工加一个2G的IDE硬盘),软盘不要,网卡用Bridged方式。我的配置文件如下:config.version = "8"
virtualHW.version = "6"
displayName = "Debian"
guestOS = "ubuntu\"
nvram = "Debian.nvram"
deploymentPlatform = "windows"
virtualHW.productCompatibility = "hosted"
tools.upgrade.policy = "manual"
isolation.tools.hgfs.disable = "TRUE"
uuid.location = "56 4d 0f 0a 4b fb 9f 25-4e ad 66 c3 6b 6e db 4c"
uuid.bios = "56 4d 87 f1 66 b9 d1 d0-94 e3 02 5c 50 d6 8b bc"
extendedConfigFile = "Debian.vmxf"
memsize = "128"
ide0:0.present = "TRUE"
ide0:0.fileName = "Debian.vmdk"
ide0:0.redo = ""
ide1:0.present = "TRUE"
ide1:0.fileName = "auto detect"
ide1:0.deviceType = "cdrom-raw"
ide1:0.autodetect = "TRUE"
scsi0.present = "TRUE"
scsi0.virtualDev = "lsilogic"
scsi0.pciSlotNumber = "16"
floppy0.fileName = "A:"
floppy0.autodetect = "TRUE"
floppy0.present = "FALSE"
ethernet0.present = "TRUE"
ethernet0.wakeOnPcktRcv = "FALSE"
ethernet0.addressType = "generated"
ethernet0.generatedAddress = "00:0c:29:d6:8b:bc"
ethernet0.generatedAddressOffset = "0"
ethernet0.pciSlotNumber = "32"
usb.present = "TRUE"
ehci.present = "TRUE"
ehci.pciSlotNumber = "34"
sound.present = "TRUE"
sound.fileName = "-1"
sound.autodetect = "TRUE"
sound.pciSlotNumber = "33"
svga.autodetect = "TRUE"
pciBridge0.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge0.pciSlotNumber = "17"
mks.keyboardFilter = "allow"
tools.remindInstall = "FALSE"3、光驱使用下载下来的网络安装镜像(我试过用光盘安装的第一张CD,在安装时认就是不认 VMWare 的网卡,无法安装),开始安装,语言选 English ,国家选 Other 后10个 C 就到 China了,分区时我是按这样分的(/boot给192M,ext2格式,/给约1.9G,reiserfs格式,其余swap分区):Disk /dev/hda: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 24 192748+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 25 244 1767150 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 245 261 136552+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris在选网络镜像源时,按取消,安装将会从光盘进行,不用再从网络上下载,因为你下的已经是最新的安装包了(网络快的话,也可以选从镜像源安装,但是有点浪费)。安装完GRUB后得启,将光驱改为自动。
4、开启虚拟机,进入Debian,vi /etc/apt/sources.lst,将网络镜像源加进去。然后apt-get update,apt-get install openssh-server,apt-get dist-upgrade,安装最新的内核,应该很快的,跟着 apt-get clean,将下载的安装包清空。看看这时的虚拟硬盘的文件大小太概有多少M(579M左右),用RAR压缩后整个虚拟机的文件不到200M。怎么减少虚拟机占用空间呢?
5、如果对空间没有要求,到上一步已经完成。为了减小虚拟硬盘占用的空间,将原虚拟硬盘(vmdk文件)复制一份,给虚拟机增加IDE硬盘,文件选复制出来的那个,再增加一个2G的IDE硬盘,这样就有3个硬盘,1个光驱了,hda是原始的硬盘,hdb是复制的硬盘,hdd是空白的硬盘,hdc是光驱。
6、给空白硬盘分区。直接用fdisk /dev/hdd 分不成与原硬盘一样的分区,要指定 Headers 和 Cylinders ,用这个命令:#fdisk -H 255 -C 261 /dev/hdd
n,p,1,+192M
n,p,2,,244
n,p,3,,
t,L,82
a,1
w如果两个硬盘大小一样,可直接用dd命令复制分区表,如 dd if=/dev/hda ōf=/dev/hdd bs=512 count=1;dd if=/dev/hda1 ōf=/dev/hdd1 bs=512 count=1等
格式化:
#mkfs.ext2 /dev/hdd1
#mkfs.reiserfs /dev/hdd2
#mkswap /dev/hdd3
7、挂载分区,复制文件:
建立挂载点
#mkdir /mnt/hd1 /mnt/hd1/boot /mnt/hd2 /mnt/hd2/boot
挂载分区
#mount -t reiserfs /dev/hdb2 /mnt/hd1
#mount -t ext2 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/hd1/boot
#mount -t reiserfs /dev/hdd2 /mnt/hd2
#mount -t ext2 /dev/hdd1 /mnt/hd2/boot
复制文件
#cp -axT /mnt/hd1 /mnt/hd2
#cp -axT /mnt/hd1/boot /mnt/hd2/boot
8、恢复MBR内GRUB的引导记录:
用dd的方法:#dd if=/dev/hda ōf=/dev/hdd bs=446 count=1用grub的方法(好像不这样不能启动):#grub-install /dev/hdd
#grub
root(hd2,0)
setup(hd2)
quit9、系统关闭后,得到新的虚拟硬盘文件,大小约400M,用修改虚拟机,只用这个虚拟硬盘,引导进入系统吧,如果GRUB不能引导,仔细找找哪里出错了。我装的虚拟机,用RAR压缩后只有114M大小。
注意:虚拟机的网卡时不时会失效,当连接不上时,试试在虚拟机上 ifdown eth0,ifup eth0,试几次还不行就重启吧,ssh 最好用 ssh-keygen 生成密钥对,Pietty 用密钥登录,在 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 里禁用密码登录(PasswordAuthentication no),不然太不安全了。
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